Ali رضی اللہ عنہ burned some people who retreated from islam. When Ibn Abbas رضی اللہ عنہما was informed of it, he said: If it had been I, I would not have then burned, for the Messenger of Allah صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم said: Do not inflict Allah’s punishment on anyone, but would have had killed them on account of the statement of the Messenger of Allah صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم. The Messenger said: Kill those who change their religion. When ‘Ali رضی اللہ عنہ was informed about it he said: How truly Ibn Abbas said!

The Messenger of Allah صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم as saying: The blood of a Muslim man who testifies that there is no god but Allah and that I am the Messenger of Allah should not be lawfully shed but only for one of three reasons: married fornicator, soul for soul, and one who deserts his religion separating himself from the community.

The Messenger of Allah صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم Said: The blood of a Muslim man who testifies that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is Allah's Messenger should not lawfully be shed except only for one of three reasons: a man who committed fornication after marriage, in which case he should be stoned; one who goes forth to fight with Allah and His Messenger, in which case he should be killed or crucified or exiled from the land; or one who commits murder for which he is killed.

I went to the Prophet صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم while two men who were Ash’ arIs were with me. One of them was on my right and the other on my left side. Bothe of them asked him for employment. The prophet صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم was silent. He asked: What do you say Abu Musa, or Abdullah bin Qais (Abu Musa’s name)? I replied: By him who has sent you with truth, they did not inform me of what they had in their hearts, and I did not know that they would ask for an employment. He said: I have the scene before my eyes that he had his toothstick below his lip which receded. He (the prophet) said: We will never or will not put in charge of our work anyone who asks for it. But go, ye, Abu Musa, or Abdullah bin Qais. He then sent him as a Governor of the Yemen, After him he sent Muadh bin Jabal رضی اللہ عنہ . When Muadh رضی اللہ عنہ came to him, he said: come down, and he put a cushion for him. He saw that a man was chained with him. He asked: What is this? He replied: He was a Jew and he accepted Islam. He then converted to his religion, an evil religion. He said: I will not sit until he is killed according to the decision of Allah and his Messenger صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم. He said: Yes, be seated. He said: I will not sit until he is killed according to the decision of Allah and his Messenger صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم. He said it three times. He then commanded for it and he was killed. Both of them then discussed the question of prayer and vigilance at night. One of them, probably Muadh رضی اللہ عنہ, said: So far as I am concerned, I sleep and I keep vigilance: I keep vigilance and I sleep: I hope for the same reward for my sleep as for my vigilance.

Muadh رضی اللہ عنہ came to me when I was in the Yemen. A man who was Jew embraced Islam and then retreated from Islam. When Muadh رضی اللہ عنہ came, he said: I will not come down from my mount until he is killed. He was then killed. One of them said: He was asked to repent before that.

A man who turned back from Islam was brought to Abu Musa رضی اللہ عنہ . He invited him to repent for twenty days or about so. Muadh رضی اللہ عنہ then came and invited him (to embrace Islam) but he refused. So he was beheaded. Abu Dawood said: It was narrated by Abdul Malik bin Umair from Abu Burdah, but he did not mention his being asked to repent. It was narrated by Ibn Fudail from Ash Shabani, from Saeed bin Burdah, from his father, from Abu Musa, and he did not mention him being asked to repent.

He did not dismount until his head had been chopped off, and he did not ask him to repent.

Abdullah bin Abu Sarh used to write (the revelation) for the Messenger of Allah صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم. Satan made him slip, and he joined the infidels. The Messenger of Allah صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم commanded to kill him on the day of Conquest (of Makkah). Uthman bin Affan رضی اللہ عنہ sought protection for him. The Messenger of Allah صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم gave him protection.

On the day of the conquest of Makkah, Abdullah bin Saad ibn Abu Sarh hid himself with Uthman bin Affan. He brought him and made him stand before the Prophet صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم, and said: Accept the allegiance of Abdullah, Messenger of Allah! He raised his head and looked at him three times, refusing him each time, but accepted his allegiance after the third time. Then turning to his companions, he said: Was not there a wise man among you who would stand up to him when he saw that I had withheld my hand from accepting his allegiance, and kill him? They said: We did not know what you had in your heart, Messenger of Allah! Why did you not give us a signal with your eye? He said: It is not advisable for a Prophet to play deceptive tricks with the eyes.

The prophet صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم as saying: When a slave runs away and reverts to polytheism, he may lawfully be killed.

A blind man had a slave-mother who used to abuse the Prophet صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم and disparage him. He forbade her but she did not stop. He rebuked her but she did not give up her habit. One night she began to slander the Prophet صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم and abuse him. So he took a dagger, placed it on her belly, pressed it, and killed her. A child who came between her legs was smeared with the blood that was there. When the morning came, the Prophet صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم was informed about it. He assembled the people and said: I adjure by Allah the man who has done this action and I adjure him by my right to him that he should stand up. Jumping over the necks of the people and trembling the man stood up. He sat before the Prophet صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم and said: Messenger of Allah! I am her master; she used to abuse you and disparage you. I forbade her, but she did not stop, and I rebuked her, but she did not abandon her habit. I have two sons like pearls from her, and she was my companion. Last night she began to abuse and disparage you. So I took a dagger, put it on her belly and pressed it till I killed her. Thereupon the Prophet صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم said: Oh be witness, no retaliation is payable for her blood.

A Jewess used to abuse the Prophet صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم and disparage him. A man strangled her till she died. The Messenger of Allah صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم declared that no recompense was payable for her blood.

I was with Abu Bakr رضی اللہ عنہ . He became angry at a man and uttered hot words. I said: Do you permit me, Caliph of the Messenger of Allah صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم, that I cut off his neck? These words of mine removed his anger; he stood and went in. He then sent for me and said: What did you say just now? I said: (I had said: ) Permit me that I cut off his neck. He said: Would you do it if I ordered you? I said: Yes. He said: No, I swear by Allah, this is not allowed for any man after Muhammad صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم. Abu Dawud said: This is Yazid's version. Ahmad bin Hanbal said: That is, Abu Bakr has no powers to slay a man except for three reasons which the Messenger of Allah صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم had mentioned: disbelief after belief, fornication after marriage, or killing a man without (murdering) any man by him. The Prophet صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم had powers to kill.

Some people of ‘Ukl or ‘Urainah’ came to the Messenger of Allah صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم and found Madinah unhealthy. So the Messenger of Allah صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم ordered them to go to the camels (of the sadaqah) and ordered them to drink some of their urine and milk. They went there when they became well, they killed the herdsman of the Messenger of Allah صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم and drove off the camels. The news about them reached the prophet صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم early in the morning. So he sent people in pursuit of them, and they were brought when they day had risen high. He ordered and their hands and feet were cut off and nails were drawn into their eyes, and they were thrown out of Harrah. They begged for water but were not supplied water. Abu Qilabah said: They were people who had stolen, killed, apostatized after their faith and fought against Allah and his Messenger صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم.

So he (the prophet) order nails to be heated and had them blinded with them, and he had their hands and feet cut off, and did not cauterise them to stop the flow of blood.

The Messenger of Allah صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم sent some people who were experts in tracking in pursuit of them and they were brought (to him). Allah, the Exalted, then revealed the verse about it: “ The punishment of those who wage war against Allah and his Messenger and strive for mischief through the land.

I saw one of them biting the earth with this mouth (teeth) on account of thirst and this they died.

He then forbade disfiguring. This version does not mention the words “ from opposite sides”. This tradition has been narrated by Shubah from Qatadah and Salam bin Miskin from Thabit on the authority of Anas. They did not mention the words “from opposite side”. I did not find these words “their hands and feet were cut off from opposite sides”. In any version except in the version of Hammad bin Salamah.

Some people raided the camels of the Prophet صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم, drove them off, and apostatised. They killed the herdsman of the Messenger of Allah صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم who was a believer. He (the Prophet) sent (people) in pursuit of them and they were caught. He had their hands and feet cut off, and their eyes put out. The verse regarding fighting against Allah and His Prophet صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم was then revealed. These were the people about whom Anas bin Malik رضی اللہ عنہ informed al-Hajjaj when he asked him.

When the Messenger of Allah صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم cut off (the hands and feet of) those who had stolen his camels and he had their eyes put out by fire (heated nails), Allah reprimanded him on that (action), and Allah, the Exalted, revealed: The punishment of those who wage war against Allah and His Messenger and strive with might and main for mischief through the land is execution or crucifixion.

This happened before the prescribed punishments (hudud) were revealed, meaning the tradition of Anas رضی اللہ عنہ .

The verse The punishment of those who wage war against Allah and His Messenger, and strive with might and main for mischief through the land is execution, or crucifixion, or the cutting off of hands and feet from opposite side or exile from the land. . . most merciful was revealed about polytheists. If any of them repents before they are arrested, it does not prevent from inflicting on him the prescribed punishment which he deserves.

The Quraish were anxious about the Makhzumi woman who had committed theft, They said: Who will speak to the Messenger of Allah صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم about her ? Then they said: Who will be bold enough for it but Uasmah bin Zaid رضی اللہ عنہما , the prophet’s صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم friend! So Usamah spoke to him, and the Messenger of Allah صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم said: Are you interceding regarding one of the punishments prescribed by Allah ? He then got up and gave an address, saying: What destroyed your predecessors was just that when a person of rank among them committed a theft, They left him alone, and when a weak one of them committed a theft, they inflicted the prescribed punishment on him. I swear by Allah that if Fatimah daughter of Muhammad should steal, I would have her hand cut off.

A Makhzumi woman used to borrow goods and deny having received them, so the prophet صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم gave orders that her hand should be cut off. The narrator than transmitted the rest of the tradition like that of al-laith, saying: So the prophet صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم had her hand cut off. Abu dawud said: Ibn Wahb transmitted this tradition from Yunus on the authority of al-Zuhri, and in this version he said al-Laith has said: A woman committed theft during the lifetime of the Prophet صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم on the occasion of the Conquest (of Makkah). It has been transmitted by al-Laith from Yunus on the authority of Ibn Shihab through his chain of narrators. He said in this version: A woman borrowed goods. Masud bin al-Aswad also transmitted a similar tradition from the Prophet صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم and said: A velvet was stolen from the house of the Messenger of Allah صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم. Abu Dawud said: Abu al-Zubair reported on the authority of Jabir: A woman committed theft and took refuge with Zainab daughter of Prophet صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم.

The Messenger of Allah صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم Said: Forgive the people of good qualities their slips, but not faults to which prescribed penalties apply.